tiopronin

tye-oh-PROE-nin

Commonly used brand name(s)

In the U.S.

• Thiola

Available Dosage Forms:

• Tablet

Therapeutic Class: Renal-Urologic Agent

Uses For tiopronin

Tiopronin is used to prevent kidney stones, which may develop due to too much cystine in the urine (cystinuria). tiopronin works by removing the extra cystine from the body.

In addition to the helpful effects of tiopronin, it has side effects that can be very serious. Before you take tiopronin, be sure that you have discussed its use with your doctor.

Tiopronin is available only with your doctor's prescription.

Before Using tiopronin

In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your doctor will make. For tiopronin, the following should be considered:

Allergies

Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to tiopronin or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully.

Pediatric

Although there is no specific information comparing use of tiopronin in children with use in other age groups, tiopronin is not expected to cause different side effects or problems in children than it does in adults.

Geriatric

Many medicines have not been studied specifically in older people. Therefore, it may not be known whether they work exactly the same way they do in younger adults or if they cause different side effects or problems in older people. Although there is no specific information comparing the use of tiopronin in the elderly with use in other age groups, tiopronin is not expected to cause different side effects or problems in older people than it does in younger adults.

Pregnancy

	Pregnancy Category	Explanation
All Trimesters	C	Animal studies have shown an adverse effect and there are no adequate studies in pregnant women OR no animal studies have been conducted and there are no adequate studies in pregnant women.

Breast Feeding

There are no adequate studies in women for determining infant risk when using this medication during breastfeeding. Weigh the potential benefits against the potential risks before taking this medication while breastfeeding.

Interactions with Medicines

Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. Tell your healthcare professional if you are taking any other prescription or nonprescription (over-the-counter [OTC]) medicine.

Interactions with Food/Tobacco/Alcohol

Certain medicines should not be used at or around the time of eating food or eating certain types of food since interactions may occur. Using alcohol or tobacco with certain medicines may also cause interactions to occur. Discuss with your healthcare professional the use of your medicine with food, alcohol, or tobacco.

Other Medical Problems

The presence of other medical problems may affect the use of tiopronin. Make sure you tell your doctor if you have any other medical problems, especially:

• Blood problems (or a history of) or


• Kidney disease (or a history of) or


• Liver disease—Tiopronin may make these conditions worse

Proper Use of tiopronin

Take tiopronin on an empty stomach (at least 30 minutes before meals or 2 hours after meals).

You should drink 2 full glasses (8 ounces each) of water with each meal and at bedtime. You should also drink another 2 full glasses during the night.

It is important that you follow any special instructions from your doctor, such as following a low-methionine diet. Methionine is found in animal proteins such as milk, eggs, cheese, and fish. Also, make certain your health care professional knows if you are on any special diet, such as a low-sodium or low-sugar diet. If you have any questions about this, check with your doctor.

Take tiopronin regularly as directed. Do not stop taking it without first checking with your doctor, since stopping the medicine and then restarting it may increase the chance of side effects.

Dosing

The dose of tiopronin will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of tiopronin. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.

The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine.

• For oral dosage form (tablets):
  
  • To prevent kidney stones:
    
    • Adults—To start, 800 milligrams (mg) a day, divided into three doses. Your doctor may change your dose if needed.
    
    
    • Children up to 9 years of age—Dose must be determined by your doctor.
    
    
    • Children 9 years and older—Dose is based on body weight and must be determined by your doctor. The usual dose to start is 15 mg per kilogram (kg) (6.8 mg per pound) of body weight a day, divided into three doses. Your doctor may change your dose if needed.
    
    
  
  

Missed Dose

If you miss a dose of tiopronin, take it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not double doses.

Storage

Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Keep from freezing.

Keep out of the reach of children.

Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed.

Precautions While Using tiopronin

Your doctor should check your progress at regular visits to make sure that tiopronin is working properly and does not cause unwanted effects.

tiopronin Side Effects

Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.

Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur:

More common

• Yellow skin or eyes

Less common

• Muscle pain


• sore throat and fever


• unusual bleeding or bruising

Check with your doctor as soon as possible if any of the following side effects occur:

More common

• Pain, swelling, or tenderness of the skin


• skin rash, hives or itching


• ulcers or sores in mouth

Less common

• Bloody or cloudy urine


• chills


• difficulty in breathing


• high blood pressure


• hoarseness


• joint pain


• swelling of feet or lower legs


• tenderness of glands


• unusual bleeding

Rare

• Chest pain


• cough


• difficulty in chewing, talking, or swallowing


• double vision


• general feeling of discomfort, illness, or weakness


• muscle weakness


• spitting up blood


• swelling of lymph glands

Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:

More common

• Abdominal or stomach pain


• bloating or gas


• diarrhea or soft stools


• loss of appetite


• nausea and vomiting


• warts


• wrinkling or peeling or unusually dry skin

Less common

• Changes in taste or smell

Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.

Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

See also: tiopronin side effects (in more detail)

The information contained in the Thomson Reuters Micromedex products as delivered by Drugs.com is intended as an educational aid only. It is not intended as medical advice for individual conditions or treatment. It is not a substitute for a medical exam, nor does it replace the need for services provided by medical professionals. Talk to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist before taking any prescription or over the counter drugs (including any herbal medicines or supplements) or following any treatment or regimen. Only your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist can provide you with advice on what is safe and effective for you.

The use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products is at your sole risk. These products are provided "AS IS" and "as available" for use, without warranties of any kind, either express or implied. Thomson Reuters Healthcare and Drugs.com make no representation or warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, timeliness, usefulness or completeness of any of the information contained in the products. Additionally, THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE MAKES NO REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE OPINIONS OR OTHER SERVICE OR DATA YOU MAY ACCESS, DOWNLOAD OR USE AS A RESULT OF USE OF THE THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE PRODUCTS. ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE ARE HEREBY EXCLUDED. Thomson Reuters Healthcare does not assume any responsibility or risk for your use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products.

More tiopronin resources

• Tiopronin Side Effects (in more detail)
• Tiopronin Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
• Tiopronin Support Group
• 0 Reviews for Tiopronin - Add your own review/rating

• Tiopronin MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)

Compare tiopronin with other medications

• Cystinuria

Ranitinidina LPH

Ranitinidina LPH may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Ranitinidina LPH

Ranitidine

Ranitidine is reported as an ingredient of Ranitinidina LPH in the following countries:

• Romania

International Drug Name Search

Mosco Corn & Callus Remover Topical

Generic Name: salicylic acid (Topical route)

sal-i-SIL-ik AS-id

Commonly used brand name(s)

In the U.S.

• Akurza


• Aliclen


• Avosil


• Betasal


• Compound W


• Corn Removing


• Dermarest Psoriasis


• DHS Sal


• Drytex


• Duofilm


• Duoplant


• Durasal


• Freezone


• Fung-O


• Gets-It Corn/Callus Remover


• Gordofilm


• Hydrisalic


• Ionil


• Ionil Plus


• Keralyt


• Keralyt Scalp


• Lupicare


• Mediplast


• Mg217 Sal-Acid


• Mosco Corn & Callus Remover


• Neutrogena


• Occlusal-HP


• Off-Ezy


• Oxy Balance


• P & S


• Palmer's Skin Success Acne Cleanser


• Propa pH


• Salac


• Sal-Acid Plaster


• Salactic Film


• Salex


• Salitop


• Salkera


• Sal-Plant Gel


• Salvax


• Seba-Clear


• Stri-Dex


• Thera-Sal


• Therasoft Anti-Acne


• Tinamed


• Ti-Seb


• Virasal


• Wart-Off Maximum Strength


• Zapzyt

In Canada

• Acnex


• Acnomel Acne Mask


• Clear Away Wart Removal System


• Compound W One-Step Wart Remover


• Compound W Plus


• Dr. Scholl's Clear Away One Step Plantar Wart Remover


• Dr. Scholl's Cushlin Ultra Slim Callus Removers


• Dr. Scholl's Cushlin Ultra Slim Corn Removers


• Duoforte 27


• Freezone - One Step Callus Remover Pad


• Freezone - One Step Corn Remover Pad

Available Dosage Forms:

• Soap


• Lotion


• Liquid


• Foam


• Ointment


• Gel/Jelly


• Solution


• Cream


• Pad


• Paste


• Shampoo


• Dressing


• Stick

Therapeutic Class: Antiacne

Pharmacologic Class: NSAID

Chemical Class: Salicylate, Non-Aspirin

Uses For Mosco Corn & Callus Remover

Salicylic acid is used to treat many skin disorders, such as acne, dandruff, psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis of the skin and scalp, calluses, corns, common warts, and plantar warts, depending on the dosage form and strength of the preparation.

Some of these preparations are available only with your doctor's prescription.

Before Using Mosco Corn & Callus Remover

In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your doctor will make. For this medicine, the following should be considered:

Allergies

Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to this medicine or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully.

Pediatric

Young children may be at increased risk of unwanted effects because of increased absorption of salicylic acid through the skin. Also, young children may be more likely to get skin irritation from salicylic acid. Salicylic acid should not be applied to large areas of the body, used for long periods of time, or used under occlusive dressing (air-tight covering, such as kitchen plastic wrap) in infants and children. Salicylic acid should not be used in children younger than 2 years of age.

Geriatric

Elderly people are more likely to have age-related blood vessel disease. This may increase the chance of problems during treatment with this medicine.

Breast Feeding

There are no adequate studies in women for determining infant risk when using this medication during breastfeeding. Weigh the potential benefits against the potential risks before taking this medication while breastfeeding.

Interactions with Medicines

Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. When you are taking this medicine, it is especially important that your healthcare professional know if you are taking any of the medicines listed below. The following interactions have been selected on the basis of their potential significance and are not necessarily all-inclusive.

Using this medicine with any of the following medicines is usually not recommended, but may be required in some cases. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.

• Abciximab


• Argatroban


• Bivalirudin


• Cilostazol


• Citalopram


• Clovoxamine


• Dabigatran Etexilate


• Dipyridamole


• Escitalopram


• Femoxetine


• Flesinoxan


• Fluoxetine


• Fluvoxamine


• Fondaparinux


• Heparin


• Lepirudin


• Nefazodone


• Paroxetine


• Protein C


• Rivaroxaban


• Sertraline


• Sibutramine


• Ticlopidine


• Tirofiban


• Vilazodone


• Zimeldine

Using this medicine with any of the following medicines may cause an increased risk of certain side effects, but using both drugs may be the best treatment for you. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.

• Acenocoumarol


• Anisindione


• Ardeparin


• Azilsartan Medoxomil


• Azosemide


• Bemetizide


• Bendroflumethiazide


• Benzthiazide


• Bumetanide


• Buthiazide


• Candesartan Cilexetil


• Certoparin


• Chlorothiazide


• Chlorthalidone


• Clopamide


• Cyclopenthiazide


• Dalteparin


• Danaparoid


• Dicumarol


• Enoxaparin


• Eprosartan


• Ethacrynic Acid


• Furosemide


• Hydrochlorothiazide


• Hydroflumethiazide


• Indapamide


• Irbesartan


• Losartan


• Methyclothiazide


• Metolazone


• Nadroparin


• Olmesartan Medoxomil


• Parnaparin


• Phenindione


• Phenprocoumon


• Piretanide


• Polythiazide


• Probenecid


• Reviparin


• Tamarind


• Tasosartan


• Telmisartan


• Tinzaparin


• Torsemide


• Trichlormethiazide


• Valsartan


• Warfarin


• Xipamide

Interactions with Food/Tobacco/Alcohol

Certain medicines should not be used at or around the time of eating food or eating certain types of food since interactions may occur. Using alcohol or tobacco with certain medicines may also cause interactions to occur. Discuss with your healthcare professional the use of your medicine with food, alcohol, or tobacco.

Other Medical Problems

The presence of other medical problems may affect the use of this medicine. Make sure you tell your doctor if you have any other medical problems, especially:

• Blood vessel disease

• Diabetes mellitus (sugar diabetes)—Use of this medicine may cause severe redness or ulceration, especially on the hands or feet

• Inflammation, irritation, or infection of the skin—Use of this medicine may cause severe irritation if applied to inflamed, irritated, or infected area of the skin

• Influenza (flu) or


• Varicella (chicken pox)—This medicine should not be used in children and teenagers with the flu or chicken pox. There is a risk of Reye's syndrome.

• Kidney disease or


• Liver disease—Using this medicine for a long time over large areas could result in unwanted effects

Proper Use of salicylic acid

This section provides information on the proper use of a number of products that contain salicylic acid. It may not be specific to Mosco Corn & Callus Remover. Please read with care.

It is very important that you use this medicine only as directed. Do not use more of it, do not use it more often, and do not use it for a longer time than recommended on the label, unless otherwise directed by your doctor. To do so may increase the chance of absorption through the skin and the chance of salicylic acid poisoning.

If your doctor has ordered an occlusive dressing (airtight covering, such as kitchen plastic wrap) to be applied over this medicine, make sure you know how to apply it. Since an occlusive dressing will increase the amount of medicine absorbed through your skin and the possibility of salicylic acid poisoning, use it only as directed. If you have any questions about this, check with your doctor.

Keep this medicine away from the eyes and other mucous membranes, such as the mouth and inside of the nose. If you should accidentally get some in your eyes or on other mucous membranes, immediately flush them with water for 15 minutes.

To use the cream, lotion, or ointment form of salicylic acid:

• Apply enough medicine to cover the affected area, and rub in gently.

To use the gel form of salicylic acid:

• Before using salicylic acid gel, apply wet packs to the affected areas for at least 5 minutes. If you have any questions about this, check with your health care professional.


• Apply enough gel to cover the affected areas, and rub in gently.

To use the pad form of salicylic acid:

• Wipe the pad over the affected areas.


• Do not rinse off medicine after treatment.

To use the plaster form of salicylic acid for warts, corns, or calluses:

• This medicine comes with patient instructions. Read them carefully before using.


• Do not use this medicine on irritated skin or on any area that is infected or reddened. Also, do not use this medicine if you are a diabetic or if you have poor blood circulation.


• Do not use this medicine on warts with hair growing from them or on warts on the face, in or on the genital (sex) organs, or inside the nose or mouth. Also do not use on moles or birthmarks. To do so may cause severe irritation.


• Wash the area to be treated and dry thoroughly. Warts may be soaked in warm water for 5 minutes before drying.


• Cut the plaster to fit the wart, corn, or callus and apply.


• For corns and calluses:
  
  • Repeat every 48 hours as needed for up to 14 days, or as directed by your doctor, until the corn or callus is removed.
  
  
  • Corns or calluses may be soaked in warm water for 5 minutes to help in their removal.
  
  


• For warts:
  
  • Depending on the product, either:
    
    • Apply plaster and repeat every 48 hours as needed, or
      
      • Apply plaster at bedtime, leave in place for at least 8 hours, remove plaster in the morning, and repeat every 24 hours as needed.
      
      
    
    
  
  
  • Repeat for up to 12 weeks as needed, or as directed by your doctor, until wart is removed.
  
  


• If discomfort gets worse during treatment or continues after treatment, or if the wart spreads, check with your doctor.

To use the shampoo form of salicylic acid:

• Before applying this medicine, wet the hair and scalp with lukewarm water. Apply enough medicine to work up a lather and rub well into the scalp for 2 or 3 minutes, then rinse. Apply the medicine again and rinse thoroughly.

To use the soap form of salicylic acid:

• Work up a lather with the soap, using hot water, and scrub the entire affected area with a washcloth or facial sponge or mitt.


• If you are to use this soap in a foot bath, work up rich suds in hot water and soak the feet for 10 to 15 minutes. Then pat dry without rinsing.

To use the topical solution form of salicylic acid for acne:

• Wet a cotton ball or pad with the topical solution and wipe the affected areas.


• Do not rinse off medicine after treatment.

To use the topical solution form of salicylic acid for warts, corns, or calluses:

• This medicine comes with patient instructions. Read them carefully before using.


• This medicine is flammable. Do not use it near heat or open flame or while smoking.


• Do not use this medicine on irritated skin or on any area that is infected or reddened. Also, do not use this medicine if you are a diabetic or if you have poor blood circulation.


• Do not use this medicine on warts with hair growing from them or on warts on the face, in or on the genital (sex) organs, or inside the nose or mouth. Also do not use on moles or birthmarks. To do so may cause severe irritation.


• Avoid breathing in the vapors from the medicine.


• Wash the area to be treated and dry thoroughly. Warts may be soaked in warm water for 5 minutes before drying.


• Apply the medicine one drop at a time to completely cover each wart, corn, or callus. Let dry.


• For warts—Repeat one or two times a day as needed for up to 12 weeks, or as directed by your doctor, until wart is removed.


• For corns and calluses—Repeat one or two times a day as needed for up to 14 days, or as directed by your doctor, until the corn or callus is removed.


• Corns and calluses may be soaked in warm water for 5 minutes to help in their removal.


• If discomfort gets worse during treatment or continues after treatment, or if the wart spreads, check with your doctor.

Unless your hands are being treated, wash them immediately after applying this medicine to remove any medicine that may be on them.

Dosing

The dose of this medicine will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of this medicine. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.

The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine.

• For cream dosage form:
  
  • For corns and calluses:
    
    • Adults and children—Use the 2 to 10% cream as needed. Use the 25 to 60% cream one time every three to five days.
    
    
  
  


• For gel dosage form:
  
  • For acne:
    
    • Adults and children—Use the 0.5 to 5% gel one time a day.
    
    
  
  
  • For psoriasis:
    
    • Adults and children—Use the 5% gel one time a day.
    
    
  
  
  • For common warts:
    
    • Adults and children—Use the 5 to 26% gel one time a day.
    
    
  
  


• For lotion dosage form:
  
  • For acne:
    
    • Adults and children—Use the 1 to 2% lotion one to three times a day.
    
    
  
  
  • For dandruff and antiseborrhic dermatitis of the scalp:
    
    • Adults and children—Use the 1.8 to 2% lotion on the scalp one or two times a day.
    
    
  
  


• For ointment dosage form:
  
  • For acne:
    
    • Adults and children—Use the 3 to 6% ointment as needed.
    
    
  
  
  • For psoriasis and seborrheic dermatitis:
    
    • Adults and children—Use the 3 to 10% ointment as needed.
    
    
  
  
  • For common warts:
    
    • Adults and children—Use the 3 to 10% ointment as needed. Use the 25 to 60% ointment one time every three to five days.
    
    
  
  


• For pads dosage form:
  
  • For acne:
    
    • Adults and children—Use one to three times a day.
    
    
  
  


• For plaster dosage form:
  
  • For corns, calluses, common warts, or plantar warts:
    
    • Adults and children—Use one time a day or one time every other day.
    
    
  
  


• For shampoo dosage form:
  
  • For dandruff or seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp:
    
    • Adults and children—Use on the scalp one or two times a week.
    
    
  
  


• For soap dosage form:
  
  • For acne:
    
    • Adults and children—Use as needed.
    
    
  
  


• For topical solution dosage form:
  
  • For acne:
    
    • Adults and children—Use the 0.5 to 2% topical solution one to three times a day.
    
    
  
  
  • For common warts and plantar warts:
    
    • Adults and children—Use the 5 to 27% topical solution one or two times a day.
    
    
  
  
  • For corns and calluses:
    
    • Adults and children—Use the 12 to 27% topical solution one or two times a day.
    
    
  
  

Missed Dose

If you miss a dose of this medicine, apply it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule.

Storage

Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Keep from freezing.

Keep out of the reach of children.

Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed.

Precautions While Using Mosco Corn & Callus Remover

When using salicylic acid, do not use any of the following preparations on the same affected area as this medicine, unless otherwise directed by your doctor:

• Abrasive soaps or cleansers


• Alcohol-containing preparations


• Any other topical acne preparation or preparation containing a peeling agent (for example, benzoyl peroxide, resorcinol, sulfur, or tretinoin [vitamin A acid])


• Cosmetics or soaps that dry the skin


• Medicated cosmetics


• Other topical medicine for the skin

To use any of the above preparations on the same affected area as salicylic acid may cause severe irritation of the skin.

Check with your doctor right away if you have nausea, vomiting, dizziness, loss of hearing, tinnitus, lethargy hyperpnea, diarrhea, and psychic disturbances. These could be symptoms of a serious condition called salicylate toxicity, especially in children under 12 years of age and patients with kidney or liver problems.

Mosco Corn & Callus Remover Side Effects

Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.

Check with your doctor as soon as possible if any of the following side effects occur:

Less common or rare

• Skin irritation not present before use of this medicine (moderate or severe)

Frequency not known

• Dryness and peeling of skin


• flushing


• redness of skin


• unusually warm skin

Symptoms of salicylic acid poisoning

• Confusion


• diarrhea


• dizziness


• fast or deep breathing


• headache (severe or continuing)


• hearing loss


• lightheadedness


• nausea


• rapid breathing


• ringing or buzzing in ears (continuing)


• severe drowsiness


• stomach pain


• vomiting

Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:

More common

• Skin irritation not present before use of this medicine (mild)


• stinging

Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.

Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

The information contained in the Thomson Reuters Micromedex products as delivered by Drugs.com is intended as an educational aid only. It is not intended as medical advice for individual conditions or treatment. It is not a substitute for a medical exam, nor does it replace the need for services provided by medical professionals. Talk to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist before taking any prescription or over the counter drugs (including any herbal medicines or supplements) or following any treatment or regimen. Only your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist can provide you with advice on what is safe and effective for you.

The use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products is at your sole risk. These products are provided "AS IS" and "as available" for use, without warranties of any kind, either express or implied. Thomson Reuters Healthcare and Drugs.com make no representation or warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, timeliness, usefulness or completeness of any of the information contained in the products. Additionally, THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE MAKES NO REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE OPINIONS OR OTHER SERVICE OR DATA YOU MAY ACCESS, DOWNLOAD OR USE AS A RESULT OF USE OF THE THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE PRODUCTS. ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE ARE HEREBY EXCLUDED. Thomson Reuters Healthcare does not assume any responsibility or risk for your use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products.

More Mosco Corn & Callus Remover Topical resources

• Mosco Corn & Callus Remover Topical Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
• Mosco Corn & Callus Remover Topical Drug Interactions
• 0 Reviews for Mosco Corn & Callus Remover Topical - Add your own review/rating

Compare Mosco Corn & Callus Remover Topical with other medications

• Acne
• Dermatological Disorders

Lovire

Lovire may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Lovire

Acyclovir

Aciclovir is reported as an ingredient of Lovire in the following countries:

• South Africa

International Drug Name Search

Maraviroc

Class: HIV Entry and Fusion Inhibitors
VA Class: AM800
Chemical Name: 4,4 - Difluoro - N - {(1S) - 3 - [exo - 3 - (3 - isopropyl - 5 - methyl - 4H - 1,2,4 - triazol - 4 - yl) - 8 - azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct - 8 - yl] - 1 - phenylpropyl}cyclohexanecarboxamide
Molecular Formula: C₂₉H₄₁F₂N₅O
CAS Number: 376348-65-1
Brands: Selzentry

• 
  

  Hepatotoxicity reported;¹ may be preceded by signs of a systemic allergic reaction (e.g., pruritic rash, eosinophilia, elevated IgE antibody levels).¹ (See Hepatic Effects under Cautions.)

  
  


• 
  

  Immediately evaluate signs or symptoms of hepatitis or allergic reactions.¹

  
  

Introduction

Antiretroviral; HIV entry inhibitor and^{1 6 8 9} CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) antagonist.^{1 6 8 9}

Uses for Maraviroc

Treatment of HIV Infection

Treatment of HIV-1 infection in adults infected with CCR5-tropic HIV-1.¹

Coreceptor tropism testing (assay detects CCR5- and CXCR4-using virus; results reported as CCR5-tropic, CXCR4-tropic, or dual/mixed tropic HIV-1) is required for appropriate use of maraviroc.¹ (See Laboratory Testing under Cautions.)

Consider the following when initiating therapy.¹ Only adults infected with CCR5-tropic HIV-1 should receive maraviroc.¹ Use a highly sensitive assay to identify appropriate patients; low levels of CXCR4-tropic or dual/mixed HIV-1 not detected at screening are associated with virologic failure.¹

Not recommended in patients with dual/mixed or CXCR4-tropic HIV-1 infection; viral response was minimal in such patients in phase 2 study.¹

Safety and efficacy not yet established in pediatric patients <16 years of age.¹

In clinical studies, more treatment-naive individuals receiving maraviroc experienced virologic failure and developed resistence to lamivudine than individuals receiving efavirenz.¹

Maraviroc Dosage and Administration

Administration

Oral Administration

Administer orally without regard to food.¹

Dosage

Dosage depends on whether maraviroc is administered concomitantly with drugs affecting hepatic metabolism or the P-glycoprotein transport system.^{1 9}

Must be given in combination with other antiretrovirals.¹

Pediatric Patients

Treatment of HIV Infection

Adolescents Receiving a CYP3A Inhibitor (with or without a CYP3A Inducer)

Oral

Adolescents ≥16 years of age receiving concomitant therapy with a CYP3A inhibitor (e.g., protease inhibitors [PIs] [except ritonavir-boosted tipranavir], delavirdine, ketoconazole, itraconazole, clarithromycin, other potent CYP3A inhibitors [nefazodone, telithromycin]): 150 mg twice daily.^{1 9}

Not necessary to alter dosage if therapy also includes a CYP3A inducer.^{1 9}

Adolescents Receiving Drugs that are not CYP3A Inhibitors or Inducers

Oral

Adolescents ≥16 years of age receiving concomitant therapy with ritonavir-boosted tipranavir, nevirapine, nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), enfuvirtide, raltegravir, or other drugs that are not potent CYP3A inhibitors or inducers: 300 mg twice daily.^{1 9}

Adolescents Receiving a CYP3A Inducer (without a Potent CYP3A Inhibitor)

Oral

Adolescents ≥16 years of age receiving concomitant therapy with a CYP3A inducer (e.g., efavirenz, etravirine, rifampin, carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin) and the regimen does not include a potent CYP3A inhibitor: 600 mg twice daily.^{1 9}

Adults

Treatment of HIV Infection

Adults Receiving a CYP3A Inhibitor (with or without a CYP3A Inducer)

Oral

Patients receiving concomitant therapy with a CYP3A inhibitor (e.g., PIs [except ritonavir-boosted tipranavir], delavirdine, ketoconazole, itraconazole, clarithromycin, other potent CYP3A inhibitors [nefazodone, telithromycin]): 150 mg twice daily.^{1 9}

Not necessary to alter dosage if therapy also includes a CYP3A inducer.^{1 9}

Adults Receiving Drugs that are not CYP3A Inhibitors or Inducers

Oral

Patients receiving concomitant therapy with ritonavir-boosted tipranavir, nevirapine, NRTIs, enfuvirtide, raltegravir, other drugs that are not potent CYP3A inhibitors or inducers: 300 mg twice daily.^{1 9}

Adults Receiving a CYP3A Inducer (without a Potent CYP3A Inhibitor)

Oral

Patients receiving concomitant therapy with a CYP3A inducer (e.g., efavirenz, etravirine, rifampin, carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin) and the regimen does not include a potent CYP3A inhibitor: 600 mg twice daily.^{1 9}

Special Populations

Hepatic Impairment

Dosage recommendations not available.⁹

Renal Impairment

Dosage recommendations not available.⁹

Cautions for Maraviroc

Contraindications

• 
  

  Manufacturer states none known.¹

  
  

Warnings/Precautions

Warnings

Hepatic Effects

Hepatotoxicity reported.¹ (See Boxed Warning.)

Adverse hepatic effects also reported.¹

Immediately evaluate signs and symptoms of hepatitis or elevated transaminase concentrations accompanied by rash or other systemic symptoms; consider discontinuance of maraviroc.¹

Sensitivity Reactions

Signs of a systemic allergic reaction may develop prior to an adverse hepatotoxic event.¹ (See Boxed Warning.)

Other Warnings and Precautions

Cardiovascular Effects

Cardiovascular events (i.e., myocardial ischemia and/or MI) reported.¹ Events generally occurred in individuals with cardiac disease or risk factors for cardiac disease.¹ Use with caution in patients at increased risk for cardiovascular events.¹

Symptomatic postural hypotension reported in healthy individuals receiving higher than recommended dosages of maraviroc.¹ Caution in patients with a history of postural hypotension and those receiving a drug that lowers BP.¹

Immune Reconstitution Syndrome

During initial treatment, patients who respond to antiretroviral therapy may develop an inflammatory response to indolent or residual opportunistic infections (e.g., Mycobacterium avium complex [MAC], M. tuberculosis, cytomegalovirus [CMV], Pneumocystis jiroveci [formerly P. carinii], herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus [VZV]); this may necessitate further evaluation and treatment.¹

Infectious Complications

Possible increased risk of infection with agents that bind to CCR5 receptors (e.g., maraviroc).^{1 11} Monitor for infection.¹

Malignancies

Possible increased risk of malignancy with agents that bind to CCR5 receptors (e.g., maraviroc).^{1 11} Risk not fully evaluated.¹

Laboratory Testing

Coreceptor tropism testing with a highly sensitive tropism assay is required for appropriate use of maraviroc.¹ In addition, consider this test in patients who exhibit virologic failure while receiving a CCR5 antagonist.⁹

Specific Populations

Pregnancy

Category B.¹

Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry at 800-258-4263.¹

Some experts state that safety and pharmacokinetic data are insufficient to recommend maraviroc in pregnant women.¹³

Lactation

Distributed into milk in rats; not known whether distributed into human milk.¹

Instruct HIV-infected women not to breast-feed because of risk of HIV transmission and risk of adverse effects in the infant.¹

Pediatric Use

Safety and efficacy not established in pediatric patients <16 years of age.¹

Not recommended for use in pediatric patients <16 years of age.¹ Data insufficient to make recommendations for initial therapy in children.¹⁹

Geriatric Use

Insufficient experience in patients ≥65 years of age to determine whether they respond differently than younger adults.¹

Use with caution and monitor because of age-related decreases in hepatic, renal, and/or concomitant disease and drug therapy.¹

Hepatic Impairment

Use caution; maraviroc concentrations increased in individuals with mild or moderate hepatic impairment.¹

Not evaluated in patients with severe hepatic impairment.¹

Monitor individuals with moderate hepatic impairment receiving maraviroc 150 mg twice daily and a drug that strongly inhibits CYP3A for maraviroc-associated adverse effects.¹

Insufficient data available to determine whether patients with coexisting hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are at increased risk for adverse hepatic effects.¹

Renal Impairment

Use caution:^{1 9} safety and efficacy in patients with renal impairment not specifically evaluated.¹

Plasma maraviroc concentrations may be increased, especially in those receiving concomitant therapy with a CYP3A inhibitor.¹

Individuals with a Cl_cr <50 mL/minute receiving concomitant therapy with a CYP3A inhibitor may be at increased risk for adverse effects (e.g., dizziness, postural hypotension) due to increased plasma concentrations of maraviroc.¹ Use this combination in individuals with Cl_cr <50 mL/minute only if potential benefits outweigh risks; monitor for adverse effects.¹

Common Adverse Effects

Cough, pyrexia, upper respiratory tract infections, rash, dizziness.¹

Interactions for Maraviroc

Metabolized by CYP3A.¹

Does not inhibit CYP1A2, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, or 3A; may inhibit CYP2D6 at higher than recommended dosage.¹ Does not induce CYP1A2.¹

A p-glycoprotein substrate.¹

Drugs Affecting or Metabolized by Hepatic Microsomal Enzymes

Potential pharmacokinetic interactions with drugs that induce or inhibit CYP3A with possible altered metabolism of maraviroc.¹

Drugs Affecting or Affected by P-Glycoprotein Transport

Pharmacokinetic interactions likely with drugs that are p-glycoprotein inhibitors or inducers with possible altered metabolism of maraviroc.¹

Inhibits the P-glycoprotein transport system; may affect bioavailability of certain other drugs.¹

Specific Drugs

Drug	Interaction	Comments
Abacavir	No in vitro evidence of antagonistic antiretroviral effects 1	Recommended dosage of maraviroc is 300 mg twice daily when used in conjunction with NRTIs, provided the regimen does not include a CYP3A inhibitor or inducer1 16
Anticonvulsants (carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin)	Possible decreased maraviroc concentrations9	Carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin: Recommended dosage of maraviroc is 600 mg twice daily, provided the regimen does not include a potent CYP3A inhibitor;1 9 16 consider alternative anticonvulsants9
Antifungals, azoles (itraconazole, ketoconazole, voriconazole)	Itraconazole: Possible increased maraviroc concentrations 9 Ketoconazole: Increased maraviroc concentrations1 9 21 Voriconazole: Possible increased maraviroc concentrations 9	Itraconazole: Recommended dosage of maraviroc is 150 mg twice daily1 9 Ketoconazole: Recommended dosage of maraviroc is 150 mg twice daily1 9 Voriconazole: Consider using maraviroc 150 mg twice daily9
Antimycobacterials (rifabutin, rifampin, rifapentine)	Rifabutin: Possible decreased maraviroc concentrations9 Rifampin: Decreased maraviroc concentrations1 9 22	Rifabutin: Recommended dosage of maraviroc is 300 mg twice daily if regimen does not include a potent CYP3A inducer or inhibitor9 Rifabutin: Recommended dosage of maraviroc is 150 mg twice daily if regimen includes a potent CYP3A inhibitor9 Rifampin: Recommended dosage of maraviroc is 600 mg twice daily if regimen does not include a potent CYP3A inhibitor1 9 16 Rifampin: Recommended dosage of maraviroc is 300 mg twice daily if regimen includes a potent CYP3A inhibitor9 Rifapentine: Concomitant use not recommended 9
Atazanavir	Atazanavir or ritonavir-boosted atazanavir: Increased maraviroc concentrations1 9 No in vitro evidence of antagonistic antiretroviral effects1	Atazanavir or ritonavir-boosted atazanavir: Recommended dosage of maraviroc is 150 mg twice daily1 9
Clarithromycin	Possible increased maraviroc concentrations9	Recommended dosage of maraviroc is 150 mg twice daily1 9
Co-trimoxazole	Pharmacokinetic interaction unlikely; no change in the pharmacokinetics of maraviroc1
Darunavir	Ritonavir-boosted darunavir: Increased maraviroc concentrations1 9 No in vitro evidence of antagonistic antiretroviral effects1	Ritonavir-boosted darunavir: Recommended dosage of maraviroc is 150 mg twice daily1 9
Delavirdine	Possible increased maraviroc concentrations 9 No in vitro evidence of antagonistic antiretroviral effects1	Recommended dosage of maraviroc is 150 mg twice daily1 9
Didanosine	No in vitro evidence of antagonistic antiretroviral effects1	Recommended dosage of maraviroc is 300 mg twice daily when used in conjunction with NRTIs, provided the regimen does not include a CYP3A inhibitor or inducer1 16
Efavirenz	Efavirenz: Decreased maraviroc concentrations1 9 22 Efavirenz and lopinavir/ritonavir: Increased maraviroc concentrations1 9 16 Efavirenz and ritonavir-boosted saquinavir: Increased maraviroc concentrations1 9 Efavirenz: No in vitro evidence of antagonistic antiretroviral effects1	Efavirenz: Recommended dosage of maraviroc is 600 mg twice daily, provided the regimen does not include a potent CYP3A inhibitor1 9 Regimens that include efavirenz and lopinavir/ritonavir: Recommended dosage of maraviroc is 150 mg twice daily9 Regimens that include efavirenz and ritonavir-boosted saquinavir: Recommended dosage of maraviroc is 150 mg twice daily9
Emtricitabine	No in vitro evidence of antagonistic antiretroviral effects 1	Recommended dosage of maraviroc is 300 mg twice daily when used in conjunction with NRTIs, provided the regimen does not include a CYP3A inhibitor or inducer1 16
Enfuvirtide	In vitro evidence of additive to synergistic antiretroviral effects1	Recommended dosage of maraviroc is 300 mg twice daily, provided the regimen does not include a CYP3A inhibitor or inducer1
Estrogens or Progestins	Oral contraceptives: Pharmacokinetic interaction unlikely;1 9 no change in the pharmacokinetics of ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel1	Considered safe to use maraviroc with oral contraceptive preparations9
Etravirine	Etravirine: Decreased maraviroc concentrations9 Etravirine and ritonavir-boosted darunavir: Increased maraviroc concentrations9	Etravirine: Recommended dosage of maraviroc is 600 mg twice daily9 Regimens that include etravirine and ritonavir-boosted darunavir: Recommended dosage of maraviroc is 150 mg twice daily9
Fosamprenavir	Fosamprenavir: Possible increased maraviroc concentrations1 9 No in vitro evidence of antagonistic antiretroviral effects between amprenavir and maraviroc1	Fosamprenavir: Recommended dosage of maraviroc is 150 mg twice daily1 9
Indinavir	Possible increased maraviroc concentrations9 No in vitro evidence of antagonistic antiretroviral effects1	Recommended dosage of maraviroc is 150 mg twice daily1 9
Lamivudine	Pharmacokinetic interaction unlikely1 No in vitro evidence of antagonistic antiretroviral effects1	Recommended dosage of maraviroc is 300 mg twice daily when used in conjunction with NRTIs, provided the regimen does not include a CYP3A inhibitor or inducer1 16
Lopinavir	Lopinavir/ritonavir: Substantially increased maraviroc concentrations1 9 21 Lopinavir/ritonavir and efavirenz: Increased maraviroc concentrations1 9 No in vitro evidence of antagonistic antiretroviral effects 1	Lopinavir/ritonavir: Recommended dosage of maraviroc is 150 mg twice daily1 9 Regimens that include lopinavir/ritonavir and efavirenz: Recommended dosage of maraviroc is 150 mg twice daily1 9
Midazolam	No change in the pharmacokinetics of midazolam1
Nefazodone	Possible pharmacokinetic interaction 1	Recommended dosage of maraviroc is 150 mg twice daily1
Nelfinavir	No in vitro evidence of antagonistic antiretroviral effects 1	Recommended dosage of maraviroc is 150 mg twice daily1
Nevirapine	No change in maraviroc concentrations1 9 No in vitro evidence of antagonistic antiretroviral effects1	Recommended dosage of maraviroc is 300 mg twice daily if the regimen does not include a PI or other potent CYP3A inhibitor;9 recommended dosage of maraviroc is 150 mg twice daily if the regimen includes a PI (except ritonavir-boosted tipranavir)9
Raltegravir	Decreased concentrations of raltegravir1	Not considered clinically important1
Ritonavir	Low-dose ritonavir (ritonavir 100 mg twice daily): Increased maraviroc concentrations 1 9 21 No in vitro evidence of antagonistic antiretroviral effects1	Regimens that include low-dose ritonavir (except ritonavir-boosted tipranavir): Recommended dosage of maraviroc is 150 mg twice daily 1 9
Saquinavir	Ritonavir-boosted saquinavir (saquinavir 1 g twice daily with ritonavir 100 mg twice daily): Substantially increased maraviroc concentrations9 21 Ritonavir-boosted saquinavir and efavirenz: Increased maraviroc concentrations1 9 Saquinavir: No in vitro evidence of antagonistic antiretroviral effects 1	Ritonavir-boosted saquinavir: Recommended dosage of maraviroc is 150 mg twice daily 1 9 Regimens that include ritonavir-boosted saquinavir and efavirenz: Recommended dosage of maraviroc is 150 mg twice daily 9
Stavudine	No in vitro evidence of antagonistic antiretroviral effects1	Recommended dosage of maraviroc is 300 mg twice daily when used in conjunction with NRTIs, provided the regimen does not include a CYP3A inhibitor or inducer1 16
St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum)	Potential decreased maraviroc concentrations and loss of virologic response1	Concomitant use not recommended1 9
Telithromycin	Possible pharmacokinetic interaction 1	Recommended dosage of maraviroc is 150 mg twice daily1
Tenofovir	No change in maraviroc concentrations1 No in vitro evidence of antagonistic antiretroviral effects 1	Recommended dosage of maraviroc is 300 mg twice daily when used in conjunction with NRTIs, provided the regimen does not include a CYP3A inhibitor or inducer1 16
Tipranavir	Ritonavir-boosted tipranavir: Pharmacokinetic interaction unlikely 9 No in vitro evidence of antagonistic antiretroviral effects1	Ritonavir-boosted tipranavir: Recommended dosage of maraviroc is 300 mg twice daily, provided the regimen does not include a CYP3A inhibitor or inducer1 9 16
Zidovudine	Pharmacokinetic interaction unlikely1 No in vitro evidence of antagonistic antiretroviral effects 1	Recommended dosage of maraviroc is 300 mg twice daily when used in conjunction with NRTIs, provided the regimen does not include a CYP3A inhibitor or inducer1 16

Maraviroc Pharmacokinetics

Absorption

Bioavailability

Absolute bioavailability of a 100-mg oral dose is 23%; absolute bioavailability of a 300-mg dose predicted to be 33%.^{1 20}

Following oral administration, peak plasma concentrations attained in 0.5–4 hours.¹

Food

When a 300-mg tablet was administered with a high fat meal, AUC was decreased by 33%.¹

Special Populations

Increased plasma concentrations expected in patients with renal impairment, especially in those receiving concomitant therapy with a CYP3A inhibitor.¹

Increased plasma concentrations reported in individuals with mild or moderate hepatic impairment, especially in those with moderate hepatic impairment receiving concomitant therapy with a potent CYP3A inhibitor.¹

Distribution

Extent

Distributed into milk in rats; not known whether distributed into human milk.¹

Plasma Protein Binding

76%.¹

Elimination

Metabolism

Principally metabolized by CYP3A to inactive metabolites.¹

Elimination Route

Approximately 20% eliminated in urine (8% as unchanged maraviroc) and 76% excreted in feces (25% as unchanged maraviroc).¹

Half-life

14–18 hours.^{1 20}

Special Populations

Pharmacokinetics not studied in patients with severe hepatic impairment.¹

Stability

Storage

Oral

Tablets

25°C (may be exposed to 15–30°C).¹

ActionsActions

• 
  

  Active against HIV-1;¹ antiviral activity against HIV-2 not evaluated.¹

  
  


• 
  

  CCR5 antagonist;^{1 6 8 9} CCR5 is a co-receptor for the most commonly transmitted HIV-1 strains that predominate during the early stages of infection^{6 9} and remains the dominant form in many patients with late-stage infection.⁶

  
  


• 
  

  Selectively binds to CCR5 on the cell membrane and prevents the interaction of HIV-1 glycoprotein 120 and CCR5 necessary for CCR5-tropic HIV-1 to enter cells.^{1 6}

  
  


• 
  

  Does not inhibit CXCR4-tropic and dual/mixed-tropic HIV-1 entry into cells.¹

  
  


• 
  

  Active against some strains of HIV-1 resistant to NRTIs, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), PIs, and HIV entry and fusion inhibitors (enfuvirtide).¹

  
  

Advice to Patients

• 
  

  Critical nature of compliance with HIV therapy.¹ Used in conjunction with other antiretrovirals; do not use for monotherapy.¹

  
  


• 
  

  Antiretroviral therapy is not a cure for HIV infection, and opportunistic infections still may occur.¹ HIV transmission via sexual contact or sharing needles is not prevented by antiretrovirals.¹

  
  


• 
  

  Importance of reading patient information provided by the manufacturer.¹

  
  


• 
  

  If a dose is missed, administer as soon as possible and resume the regular schedule.¹ If there are <6 hours before the next scheduled dose when the missed dose is remembered, omit the dose and take the next dose at the scheduled time.¹

  
  


• 
  

  Advise patients that hepatitis and allergic reactions have occurred.¹ Importance of discontinuing maraviroc and seeking medical attention if signs or symptoms of these adverse events (e.g., rash, yellow skin or eyes, dark urine, vomiting, abdominal pain) occur.¹

  
  


• 
  

  Possibility of dizziness.¹ Advise patients to avoid driving a motor vehicle or operating hazardous machinery if they experience dizziness.¹

  
  


• 
  

  Importance of informing clinicians of existing or contemplated concomitant therapy, including prescription and OTC drugs and herbal products (e.g., St. John’s wort), and any concomitant illnesses.¹

  
  


• 
  

  Importance of women informing clinicians if they are or plan to become pregnant or plan to breast-feed.¹

  
  


• 
  

  Importance of advising patients of other important precautionary information.¹ (See Cautions.)

  
  

Preparations

Excipients in commercially available drug preparations may have clinically important effects in some individuals; consult specific product labeling for details.

Maraviroc

Routes	Dosage Forms	Strengths	Brand Names	Manufacturer
Oral	Tablets, film-coated	150 mg	Selzentry	Pfizer
		300 mg	Selzentry	Pfizer

Disclaimer

This report on medications is for your information only, and is not considered individual patient advice. Because of the changing nature of drug information, please consult your physician or pharmacist about specific clinical use.

The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. and Drugs.com represent that the information provided hereunder was formulated with a reasonable standard of care, and in conformity with professional standards in the field. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. and Drugs.com make no representations or warranties, express or implied, including, but not limited to, any implied warranty of merchantability and/or fitness for a particular purpose, with respect to such information and specifically disclaims all such warranties. Users are advised that decisions regarding drug therapy are complex medical decisions requiring the independent, informed decision of an appropriate health care professional, and the information is provided for informational purposes only. The entire monograph for a drug should be reviewed for a thorough understanding of the drug's actions, uses and side effects. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. and Drugs.com do not endorse or recommend the use of any drug. The information is not a substitute for medical care.

AHFS Drug Information. © Copyright, 1959-2011, Selected Revisions April 2010. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc., 7272 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, Maryland 20814.

References

1. Pfizer. Selzentry (maraviroc) tablets prescribing information. New York, NY; 2009 Nov.

2. Nelson M, Fätkenheuer G, Konourina I et al. Efficacy and safety of maraviroc plus optimized background therapy in viremic, ART-experienced patients infected with CCR5-tropic HIV-1 in Europe, Australia, and North America: 24-week results. 14th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Los Angeles, CA. 2007 Feb 25-28. Abstract 104aLB. From website.

3. Lalezari J, Goodrich J, DeJesus E et al. Efficacy and safety of maraviroc plus optimized background therapy in viremic ART-experienced patients infected with CCR5-tropic HIV-1: 24-week results of a phase 2b/3 study in the United States and Canada. 14th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Los Angeles, CA. 2007 Feb 25-28. Abstract 104bLB. From website.

4. Mayer H, van der Ryst E, Saag M et al. Safety and efficacy of maraviroc (MVC), a novel CCR5 antagonist, when used in combination with optimized background therapy (OBT) for the treatment of antiretroviral-experienced subjects infected with dual/mixed-tropic HIV-1: 24-week results of a phase 2b exploratory trial. XVI International AIDS Conference, Toronto, Canada. 2006 Aug 13-18. Abstract. From website.

5. Daar ES, Kesler KL, Petropoulos J et al. Baseline HIV type 1 coreceptor tropism predicts disease progression. Clin Infect Dis. 2007; 45:643-9. [PubMed 17683002]

6. Dorr P, Westby M, Dobbs S et al. Maraviroc (UK-427,857), a potent, orally bioavailable, and selective small-molecule inhibitor of chemokine receptor CCR5 with broad-spectrum anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 activity. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2005; 49:4721-32. [PubMed 16251317]

7. Stephenson J. Researchers buoyed by novel HIV drugs: will expand drug arsenal against resistant virus. JAMA. 2007; 297:1535-6. [PubMed 17426263]

8. Lederman MM, Penn-Nicholson A, Cho M et al. Biology of CCR5 and its role in HIV infection and treatment. JAMA. 2006; 296:815-26. [PubMed 16905787]

9. Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents of the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in HIV-1-infected adults and adolescents (November 3, 2008). From the US Department of Health and Human Services HIV/AIDS Information Services (AIDSinfo) website.

10. Hammer SM, Saag MS, Schechter M et al. Treatment of adult HIV infection: 2006 recommendations of the International AIDS Society–USA panel. JAMA. 2006; 296:827-43. [PubMed 16905788]

11. Anon. Two new drugs for HIV infection. Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2008; 50:2-4.

12. Fätkenheuer G, Konourina I, Nelson M et al. Efficacy and safety of maraviroc (MCV) plus optimized background therapy (OBT) in viraemic, antiretroviral treatment-experienced patients infected with CCR5-tropic (R5) HIV-1 in Europe, Australia, and North America (MOTIVATE 2): 48-week results. 11th European AIDS Conference, Madrid, Spain. 2007 Oct 24-27. Abstract PS3/5.

13. Perinatal HIV Guidelines Working Group. Public Health Service task force recommendations for use of antiretroviral drugs in pregnant HIV-1-infected women for maternal health and interventions to reduce perinatal HIV-1 transmission in the United States (April 29, 2009). From the US Department of Health and Human Services HIV/AIDS Information Services (AIDSinfo) website.

14. Hitt E. Maraviroc misses noninferiority endpoint compared with efavirenz in antiretroviral-naive patients. Medscape Medical News. From website. Accessed 29 Jan 2008.

15. Saag M, I’ve P, Heera J et al. A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, comparative trial of a novel CCR5 antagonist, maraviroc versus efavirenz, both in combination with Combivir (zidovudine [ZDV]/lamivudine [3TC]) for the treatment of antiretroviral naive patients infected with R5 HIV1: week 48 results of the MERIT study. 4th IAS Conference, Sydney, Australia. 2007 Jul 22-25. Abstract.

16. Pfizer, New York, NY: Personal communication.

17. Gulick RM, Lalezari J, Goodwich J et al. Maraviroc for previously treated patients with R5 HIV-1 infection. N Engl J Med. 2008; 359:1429-41. [PubMed 18832244]

18. Heera J, Ive P, Botes M et al. The MERIT study of maraviroc in antiretroviral-naive patients with R5 HIV-1: 96-week results. 5th IAS Conference, Cape Town, South Africa. 2009 Jul 19-22.Abstract.

19. Working Group on Antiretroviral Therapy and Medical Management of HIV-infected Children of the National Pediatric and Family HIV Resource Center (NPHRC), Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), and National Institutes of Health (NIH). Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in pediatric HIV infection (February 23, 2009). From the US Department of Health and Human Services HIV/AIDS Information Services (AIDSinfo) website.

20. Abel S, Russell D, Whitlock LA et al. Assessment of the absorption, metabolism and absolute bioavailability of maraviroc in healthy male subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2008; 65(Suppl 1):60-7. [PubMed 18333867]

21. Abel S, Russell D, Taylor-Worth RJ et al. Effects of CYP3A4 inhibitors on the pharmacokinetics of maraviroc in healthy volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2008; 65(Suppl 1):27-37. [PubMed 18333863]

22. Abel S, Jenkins TM, Whitlock LA et al. Effects of CYP3A4 inducers with and without CYP3A4 inhibitors on the pharmacokinetics of maraviroc in healthy volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2008; 65(Suppl 1):38-46. [PubMed 18333864]

More Maraviroc resources

• Maraviroc Side Effects (in more detail)
• Maraviroc Dosage
• Maraviroc Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
• Maraviroc Drug Interactions
• Maraviroc Support Group
• 1 Review for Maraviroc - Add your own review/rating

• Maraviroc MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)


• Maraviroc Professional Patient Advice (Wolters Kluwer)


• maraviroc Advanced Consumer (Micromedex) - Includes Dosage Information


• Selzentry Prescribing Information (FDA)


• Selzentry Consumer Overview

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